Interior Design Basics: 5 Principles Every Homeowner Should Know

Balance and Proportion

Balance is all about creating equilibrium in your space. Think of it as distributing visual weight evenly throughout a room. There are three main types of balance in interior design:

Symmetrical Balance
The most traditional and easiest to achieve. Picture a room where what's on the left mirrors what's on the right – like matching table lamps on either side of a sofa. This creates a sense of formality and order, perfect for traditional spaces or bedrooms.

Asymmetrical Balance
More relaxed and modern, asymmetrical balance uses different objects that carry equal visual weight. For example, a large sectional might be balanced by two smaller chairs and a side table on the opposite side. While trickier to achieve, it creates more dynamic, interesting spaces.

Radial Balance
This occurs when elements radiate from a central point, like chairs around a dining table. It naturally draws attention and creates a focal point.

Tip: When arranging furniture, start with your largest pieces first and distribute them evenly throughout the space. Then layer in smaller pieces and accessories to maintain balance.

Scale and Proportion

Scale refers to how objects relate to the room's size, while proportion is about how items relate to each other. Getting these right makes the difference between a harmonious room and one that feels "off."

• Common scale mistakes to avoid:

  • Artwork that's too small above furniture (aim for 2/3 the width of the furniture below)

  • Area rugs that don't extend beyond furniture

  • Pendant lights hung too high or low

• Furniture that's too large or small for the room

Tip: In living rooms, your coffee table should be approximately 2/3 the length of your sofa. For dining rooms, allow 24-30 inches between the table and walls or furniture for comfortable movement.

Colour and Light

Color and light work together to create atmosphere and affect how we feel in a space. Understanding basic color theory can help you create cohesive schemes:

• The 60-30-10 Rule:

  • 60% dominant color (walls, large furniture)

  • 30% secondary color (accent furniture, textiles)

  • 10% accent color (accessories, artwork)

Consider both natural and artificial light when selecting colors – that perfect gray might look purple in evening light! Always test paint samples at different times of day.

Tip: Want to play it safe? Start with a neutral base and layer in colour through easily changeable items like pillows, throws, and artwork.

Rhythm and Flow

Just like music, interior design needs rhythm to feel harmonious. Rhythm guides the eye through a space and creates visual interest through:

• Repetition
  Using the same colour, pattern, or element throughout a space. Think matching throw pillows or a consistent color theme.

• Progression
  Organising elements by increasing or decreasing size or colour. Like arranging candlesticks from tall to short.

• Transition
  Smooth flow between spaces using colour, pattern, or form. This could be carrying a accent colour from room to room.

Tip: Use area rugs to define spaces and create natural pathways through your home.

Focal Points

Every room needs a star – a focal point that naturally draws attention. This could be:

• Architectural features (fireplace, windows)

• Statement furniture pieces

• Large artwork or gallery walls

• Dramatic lighting fixtures

If your room lacks a natural focal point, create one! An accent wall, large mirror, or striking piece of furniture can do the trick.

Tip: Stick to one main focal point per room to avoid visual confusion.

Putting it All Together

Remember, these principles are guidelines, not rigid rules. As you become more comfortable with them, you'll develop an intuitive sense of what works in your space. Start by analyzing your favorite rooms – you'll likely find they incorporate all these principles in some way.

The key is practice and patience. Start with one principle at a time, and don't be afraid to experiment. After all, the best-designed homes reflect not just these principles, but also the personalities of the people who live there.

Final Tip: Take photos of your space as you